According to Roman tradition, Mars was the father of Romulus and Remus and thus considered by many the most Roman of the gods. Originally an agricultural deity, Mars eventually became a warrior god. At Rome several festivals of Mars were celebrated during March, the month named after him. He appears frequently on Roman coins until the era of Constantine the Great. Usually he is depicted youthful, wearing a crested helmet, and carrying a spear and trophy while striding purposefully forward. Mars is frequently shown nude, wearing only a crested helmet and cloak.

On Imperial coinage the warrior god is often represented to convey various political messages - either as Mars the protector; defender; pacifier; aggressor or avenger.

The reverse image of a coin of Severus Alexander (on the right) portrays Mars in full armour holding an olive branch as a symbol of peace.