| The goddess Roma was worshipped in the Roman provinces and southern Italy. She was considered both protector and patroness of Rome and her bust first appeared on Roman coins from c. 270 BC on. During the Empire Augustus made the worship of Roma official. |
 c. 146 BC |
 116 - 115 BC |
 101 BC |
| The earliest denarii typically display a helmeted head of Roma on the obverse. As shown above, she is usually depicted as a war-like figure, wearing a helmet. In full-length or seated positions she is occasionally depicted wearing armour, or holding either a shield; spear; sword or sceptre. |
 80 BC |
 AD 306 - 312 |
 AD 375 - 392 |
| Over time this provincial deity became more of an abstract concept and personified both the city of Rome and the Roman state. During the late Empire Roma is often depicted seated, holding a globe and sceptre, signifying a claim to universal power. |